Introduction to the Sphenophyta
WEBProminent among the trees of the time, and also common in the shrubbery, were plants in the Sphenophyta, distinguished by their straight stems with branches or leaves arranged in regular whorls. Some Paleozoic sphenophytes grew up to thirty meters tall (nearly 100 feet).
Morphology of the Sphenophyta - University of California …
WEBThe most obvious external characteristic of sphenophytes is their "jointed" branching pattern: leaves, branches, and roots branch from the stem at evenly spaced points called nodes, separated by lengths of bare stem called internodes. Leaves or roots form circular whorls around each node.
Fossil Sphenophytes - Sam Noble Museum - University of …
WEBSphenophyte fossils may be found in rocks that were deposited during both the Pennsylvanian and Permian Periods as impressions, compressions, casts and molds. Sphenophytes include relatives of living horsetails and extinct plant groups that were probably closely related.
Equisetidae - Wikipedia
WEBEquisetidae is one of the four subclasses of Polypodiopsida (ferns), a group of vascular plants with a fossil record going back to the Devonian. They are commonly known as horsetails. [2] They typically grow in wet areas, with whorls of needle-like branches radiating at regular intervals from a single vertical stem.
Sphenophytes (Chapter 6) - Introduction to Plant Fossils
WEBJun 28, 2019 · Chapter. Information. Introduction to Plant Fossils , pp. 99 - 114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108650021.006. Publisher: Cambridge University Press. Print publication year: 2019. Access options. Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below.
The History of Herbivory on Sphenophytes: A New Calamitalean …
WEBMar 24, 2020 · Sphenophytes are a modestly diverse lineage of vascular plants with a persistent record extending from the late Paleozoic to the present. However, patterns of arthropod herbivory on sphenophytes are poorly known because of a scattered literature, which we address in this report.
Sphenophyll | leaf | Britannica
WEBThe sphenophytes have “sphenophylls”—scalelike leaves with a single vein in the modern Equisetum or wedge-shaped leaves with a dichotomously forking vein system in many of the fossil forms. These leaf forms are all so simple that the vascular connection with the stem stele does not affect the stele…. Read More.
WEBDec 4, 2013 · Modern traits in early Mesozoic sphenophytes: The Equisetum-like cones of Spaciinodum collinsonii with in situ spores and elaters from the Middle Triassic of Antarctica.
The History of Herbivory on Sphenophytes: A New Calamitalean …
WEBSphenophytes are a modestly diverse lineage of vascular plants with a persistent record extending from the late Paleozoic to the present. However, patterns of arthropod herbivory on sphenophytes are poorly known because of a …
Sphenophytes - ResearchGate
WEBDec 31, 2009 · Members of the Sphenophyta, sometimes termed the Arthrophyta or Equisetophyta, and in older treatments—Sphenopsida are typically characterized by clonal growth in the form of extensive, below...